Rethinking the Weaning Window: Integrating Behavior, Gastrointestinal Development, and Precision Management of the Milk-to-Solid-Feed Transition
Weaning is one of the most consequential developmental transitions a dairy calf experiences. Within days, the calf must replace a milk-based diet with solid feed while simultaneously adapting nutritionally, physiologically, behaviorally, and environmentally. On most farms, the decision still rests on using age as the main weaning criterion, as though every calf arrived at the same door on the same day.
Successful weaning depends on interacting factors: calf behavior, dry feed intake, gastrointestinal and ruminal development, milk allowance and feeding management, housing and environment, and substantial individual variation in readiness. Weaning strategy shapes growth, rumen function, health, and behavioral indicators of hunger and stress, with developmental programming effects that may persist across the animal’s productive life. Recent reviews expose major gaps in how we understand the calf’s experience of weaning and how these factors combine to determine welfare and future performance.
No single discipline can address this. Behavior and welfare science define what weaning costs the calf, nutrition and gastrointestinal physiology explain the mechanisms of adaptation and their lifetime consequences, and precision technology supplies the measurements needed to act on either. Today, those conversations happen in separate rooms. This joint symposium will put them together for a productive and forward-thinking discussion.
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